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Inspiration Wolf
How wolves change rivers
The return of the wolves to Yellowstone and the phenomenon of the trophic cascade inspire my projects.
"The wolf, who performs a vital function in the ecosystem is guided by its own nature. The wolf simply is. He never tries to be what he is not." Susan Imhoff Bird
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The Trophic Cascade Since the reintroduction of wolves in 1995, the phenomenon of trophic cascade has also been observed and studied in Yellowstone. With the disappearance of the last wolf in 1926, the elk population increased dramatically. This led not only to overgrazing but also to the endangerment of aspen and poplar trees. Since the elk could graze freely even in the most secluded areas without fearing an attack from wolves, plant populations were unable to develop anywhere. The vegetation along riverbanks also declined significantly, drastically reducing biodiversity in these areas. Beavers, certain bird species, and amphibians struggled to find suitable habitats. In the absence of predation pressure from wolves, the coyote population also increased, causing a severe decline in pronghorns, hares, and other small rodents. For decades, humans attempted to restore the natural balance, but their efforts were largely unsuccessful. It was only when the wolves returned that nature began to visibly recover. |
The Elk Knew Instinctively How to Protect Themselves. Elk instinctively knew how to protect themselves from attacks and preferred locations with a clear view. In the areas they avoided, aspen trees soon grew to heights of up to 15 feet. More willows and poplars also provided building materials for beavers again. Their lodges and dams created habitats for small mammals, birds, fish, and countless insect species. Bears benefited from a richer supply of berries and herbs, allowing them to maintain a more balanced diet, while foxes and birds of prey found sufficient food again due to the decline in coyotes.
Since wolves hunt in the open, unlike mountain lions and other predators, their kills are more accessible to other carnivores. Although hunting is often life-threatening for them, wolves frequently leave their prey behind for short periods. During their absence, ravens, birds of prey, bears, foxes, and coyotes gather to feed. On average, half of a wolf’s kill is consumed by other valley inhabitants. While the wolf population initially grew from 20 to 180 individuals due to the abundance of food, it has since stabilized between 90 and 100 wolves in Yellowstone.
Since the return of wolves, a natural recovery process has been observed, supported by research across multiple disciplines. Over the past 23 years, during which wolves have once again roamed Yellowstone, the balance of nature has been restored.
The story of the wolves in Yellowstone and the balance of the trophic cascade form the foundation of my projects. For more information, feel free to contact me at: jana.malin@mythoswolf.com



